avian influenza (bird flu)

ProMED-mail Archive Number 20101124.4231
Published Date 24-NOV-2010
Subject PRO/AH> Avian influenza, poultry vs migratory birds (06): Asia

Date: 22 Nov 2010
Source: CIDRAP News, FAO [edited]
URL http://www.cidrap.umn.edu/cidrap/content/influenza/avianflu/news/nov2210fao.html

16 Nov 2010 issue of FAO AIDE News
中国 青海(せいかい)湖で2005年、6000羽を超える野生の水鳥が死んだ。その湖で死んだ鳥の約半数は インドガンであった。
…
発生後の衛星追跡調査で、
中国青海省 Qinghai Lake 青海(せいかい)湖 (ティショギャルモ湖、モンゴル名 フフノール)で tagged 発信器を付けた bar-headed goose (カモ科マガン属 インドガン 学名 Anser indicus) の多くが、冬に チベット自治区のラサ市域やインドで過ごす。

There, wild birds are exposed to domestic poultry, and since those areas have had H5N1 outbreaks, the virus may spread between domestic and wild birds, according to the FAO.

渡り鳥の飛路 Central Asian Flyway (CAF)[中央アジア インド フライウェイ Central Asian-Indian Flyway, Central Asian-South Asian Flyway] の東部地域の野生の水鳥は Qinghai-Tibetan plateau 青海チベット高原 (青蔵高原)を超えて、北方および東方へ行くので、実際、毎年春に HPAI [highly pathogenic avian influenza] 高病原性鳥インフルエンザ H5N1 ウイルスをモンゴル国に拡大させる手助けになっている可能性がある。

A chart in the FAO newsletter shows that Mongolia reported its 1st H5N1 outbreak in August 2005 and its latest one in May of this year (2010). Reports from the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) say that Mongolia also reported H5N1 outbreaks in 2009 and 2006. All outbreaks reported there have been in wild birds.

An FAO fact sheet on wildlife and H5N1 says that in 2009 large numbers of birds died at Qinghai Lake after the spring migration northward from India and Bangladesh and that more wild birds died weeks later at the northern end of the flyway in Mongolia and Russia, which “strongly supports the spread of the virus from infected wild birds.” However, the fact sheet says the overall global pattern of avian flu spread since 2005 “suggests that wild birds are not the primary spreader of H5N1 HPAI but that human movement of virus through trade [貿易], marketing [マーケティング], and fomites [感染の媒介物] likely accounts for the significant spread of the virus.”

Archive Number 20100702.2208
Published Date 02-JUL-2010
Subject PRO/AH> Avian influenza, poultry vs migratory birds (05): preening
[1]
Date: 25 Jun 2010
Source: PLoSone [edited]
Can Preening Contribute to Influenza A Virus Infection in Wild Waterbirds?
　http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0011315
[2]
Date: Thu 1 Jul 2010
From: Mauro Delogu
　[1]論文著者
　Dr. Mauro Delogu
Department of Veterinary Public Health and Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Italy

野生の水鳥(カモ目, チドリ目)は、パンデミックウイルスを含む全ての A型インフルエンザウイルスの遺伝群を永続させる主要な宿主である。

[油脂分泌腺のオイルを羽に付けて防水にする] 羽づくろいしたマガモの羽から鳥インフルエンザウイルス (AIVs)検出。感染した鳥 (排出腔と羽の両方からウイルス分離)と非感染状態の鳥 (羽からのみウイルス検出)の両方の野生の水鳥の羽がウイルスを運搬する。鳥の体[羽、体表を含む]のウイルスを検査するサーベイランス必要。

Twitter
　http://twitter.com/TweetMedmail/status/17631963385

For this reason, in routine surveillance programs, additional sampling methods could be necessary to detect AIVs on birds’ bodies. Our field and experimental results also suggest that during the time period between the virus adhesion to the bird’s body and the infection (possibly due to self-preening [羽づくろい] and/or allopreening [相互羽づくろい]), the virus could move in nature with the host by an undescribed circulation mechanism.